MK Description This course deepens understanding of the philosophical, theoretical and practical foundations of social studies in basic education (SD/MI) and higher education (PGSD/PGMI) through the use of perspectives, patterns and problems related to social studies learning practices. The activities of this course are designed to provide a responsive, in-depth, critically reflective and innovative understanding of social studies learning methodology. It is hoped that this course can lead students to offer alternative ideas for reforming social studies education that are transformative and sustainable.