This course explains: 1) The nature of the philosophy of science; (2) Principal Philosophical Teachings in the Field of Philosophy of Science (materialism, idealism/spiritualism, realism); (3) theories of truth; (4) ontological aspects, epistemological aspects, and axiological aspects; (5) Educational Philosophy (Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, Reconstruction, Critical Pedagogy); (6) Postmodernism, (Social Constructionism, Hermeneutics, Deconstruction, Structuralism); (7) Critical Thinking (relativity of reasoning power, mastery of basic literacy and mastery of critical literacy.)