Application of various concepts, theories and methodologies according to the chosen research focus or topic, locus or source of research data, and scientific mode or perspective used in an original, innovative and transdisciplinary manner. The product of this course is in the form of a dissertation manuscript including title, introduction (background, problem/focus, objectives/benefits, definitions of research terms/variables), theoretical studies, research methods, research results, discussions, conclusions, and suggestions/recommendations. The dissertation manuscript is accounted for through an open examination attended by internal examiners from the study program and external examiners from similar study programs outside Surabaya State University. It is possible without taking an open exam if the research results have been published in at least 2 (two) scientific papers in reputable international journals (indexed by Scopus or WoS).