Students understand (1) concepts, principles and characteristics of learning theory, (2) learning using behavioristic, cognitive and constructivist learning theory approaches, (3) student characteristics which include learning styles, cognitive styles, developmental aspects (cognitive, physical, language, emotional), demographic and socio-cultural, (4) characteristics of the learning process which include interactive, holistic, integrative, scientific, contextual, thematic, effective, collaborative and learner-centered, and (5) learning models innovative activities such as group discussions, simulations, case studies, collaborative learning, cooperative learning, project-based learning, problem-based learning, or other learning methods, which can effectively facilitate learning outcomes.