Plant Systematics studies: basic principles of taxonomy and their relationship to the diversity of non-vascular plants and vascular plants. The basic principles of taxonomy include characters and character traits, characterization, description, taxonomic evidence, identification, nomenclature and classification systems. Kinship includes phenetic, phylogenetic, and primitive/advanced character traits. The diversity of non-vascular plants (bryophytes) and vascular plants (ferns and their relatives, as well as fruit-bearing plants) discusses the development of sporophytes and gametophytes in relation to their characteristics, variations and life cycles. This material is not only discussed theoretically but also in practice (i.e. compiling descriptions, using identification tools, compiling classification systems, compiling and analyzing relationships. Lecture material is studied through discussions, field practicums and project assignments