This course studies generational transition in Bryophyta which includes the classes Hapaticopsida, Anthoceropsida and Bryopsida; Pteridophyta generational transitions include gametogenesis, sporogenesis, and embryogenesis in Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida; Transition of Spermatophyta generations, including gametogenesis, sporogenesis, and embryogenesis in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.