examine techniques for documenting daily experiences as a source of accurate data, literature studies (techniques for collecting data from books, newspapers, magazines, journals, clippings, or by browsing the internet), studies of other materials (drawings/paintings/photos, songs via cassette/cd/others, films, etc.), how to treat data (organizing data, coding and analysis, testing conjectures, important things as an analysis strategy, and interpretation stages), and data analysis techniques (symbolic interactions, analysis discourse, hermeneutics, semiotics, etc.).