Application of various concepts, theories and methodologies according to the chosen research focus or topic, locus or source of research data, and scientific mode or perspective used in an original, innovative and transdisciplinary manner. The product of this course is in the form of a dissertation manuscript including title, introduction (background, problem/focus, objectives/benefits, definitions of research terms/variables), theoretical studies, research methods, research results, discussions, conclusions, and suggestions/recommendations. Dissertation manuscripts are accepted through open examinations or doctoral promotions. The doctoral promotion was attended by internal examiners from the study program and external examiners from similar study programs outside Surabaya State University. It is possible without taking an open exam or Doctoral Promotion if the research results have been published in at least 2 (two) scientific papers in reputable international journals (indexed by Scopus or WoS).