The course content is focused on the concept of intellectual history and science as well as scientific problems, the development of intellectual thought in ancient Greece and Rome, the development of intellectual thought from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, thought in the modern era and the role of intellectuals in discovering science and technology in modern times and efforts to develop them, the development of intellectual thought in the modern era in the form of ideas and ideologies. Learning epistemology is developed through expository, explanatory and exploratory approaches